Introduction

Photovoltaic (PV) cells, solar cells panel, a special material panel system which converting solar sunlight to electricity. Solar cells made up of photovoltaic cells (cells) single crystal (monocrystalline) and polycrystalline (polycrystalline) with high efficiency (15% - 18%), capacity from 25Wp to 175Wp and life time more than 30 years.

Principle of Solar Cells Panel

From the solar panel, light is converted into electricity, generating direct current (DC). This current is led to the controller which is an electronic device with the function of regulating the process of automatically charging the battery and discharge from the battery to the derect current (DC) devices. With the enough capacity of the panel, the control board with be equiped inverter to convert direct current into alternating current (AC) which can run more electrical appliances (lights, fans, radio, TV ... ).

Basic configuration of Standard Solar Electricity System

Solar Cells Panel

Solar Cells Panel converts light to electricity.

Basic specification of Solar Cells Panel:

  Efficiency: from 15% to 18%
  Capacity: from 25Wp to 250 Wp
  Number of cells in panel: 72 cells
  Dimension of cells: 5 – 6 inchs
  Cell type: monocrystalline or polycrystalline
  Frame Materials: Aluminum
  Life time: 30 years

Solar Electricity Panel System can be connected together to form a large system with unlimited capacity., or connected to power grid, or operated seperately as a electricity back-up system.

In a sunny day, the sun provides approximately 1 kW / m² to ground (when the sun shine and clouds standing in the sea).

Capacity and voltage of a system will depend on how we connect the panels together.

To collect the best inspiration from the sun, the solar panels should be designed with features and special materials that can be durable in weather, air climate, temperature ...

Solar Regulator

A device performing regulator for battery charging and protection for the battery against overload and deep discharge to raise the average life expectancy of the batteries, and help systems utilize solar and long-term results.
  The controller also indicate charging status of battery which enables users to control the load.
  The controller also make the overcharge protection voltage (> 13.8V) or low voltage (<10.5V). Protection circuits of the controller performs the circuit breaker when the validation controls per battery was fully charged or the average voltage is too low.

DC-AC Converter

DC-AC Converter converts 12V DC current from batteries into AC (110VAC, 220VAC). Designed with multiple levels of capacity from 0.3kVA - 10kVA

Inverter has many types and to distinguish them by the waveform of output voltage: sine wave form, assuming sine, square wave, progressive wave ...

Battery

Battery is the electrical storage device for use at night or at the sky with little or no sunlight.

Battery has many types, sizes and vary capacities depend on the capacity and characteristics. The greater solar system need the greater batteries capacity used or more battery connected together.

Frame, fitting and cables

To ensure that the solar system put in the idea place (most and the longest sunshine) and a long-term stability performance, we need to use the mounting bracket and a dedicated cable.

To maximize the performance of the system, the solar panels should be installed by an specific angle and direction (depending on each specific installation location).

To avoid areas likely to be covered, hidden sun, we should choose the location which can be catched the sun whole day.

The accessories included: pipes, switches, panels, Vaseline, domino, socket ... to install a complete solar system.

Features of Solar Electricity Panel System:

  Solar system in particular or PV systems in general, can not produce power continuously, it works only when sunlight shines on the panels.

  The reliability and durability of solar systems is very high, a typical system can operate up to 35 years without maintenance.

  With a solar system, just a single investment. Like paying electricity bill in advance for many years (20-25 years), your monthly bills will drop significantly.

  The average investment cost of a solar system for a house about 20,000 USD. With the average of 30 years operating life of the system, homeowners will save about 40,000 USD for electricity.

  The capacity of the system is the most important factors to compare costs with benefits that system provides.

  Solar cells have the advantage of economic efficiency, compact, lightweight, can be mounted wherever sunlight is, absolutely safe to use and completely environmentally friendly.

  The solar system can be connected to power grid or operated independently, and can provide power for many applications: from the power supply system for buildings, apartments, to the power supply system for the public lighting system, or telecommunications relay stations from far away ...